{"id":186,"date":"2024-03-28T09:43:45","date_gmt":"2024-03-28T09:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/w643\/?p=186"},"modified":"2024-03-28T09:46:24","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T09:46:24","slug":"bai-9-middleware","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.hnk90.com\/?p=186","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e0i 9. Middleware"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Middleware l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00fap “inspect”, “filtering” c\u00e1c request \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. N\u00f3i n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t request v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, Middleware s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n logic d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c request \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t request, l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Middleware nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t Middleware<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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php<\/span> <\/span>artisan<\/span> make<\/span>:<\/span>middleware<\/span> <\/span>EnsureTokenIsValid<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t class s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c: app\/Http\/Middleware<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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<?<\/span>php<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nnamespace<\/span> <\/span>App<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Closure<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Request<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Symfony<\/span>\\<\/span>Component<\/span>\\<\/span>HttpFoundation<\/span>\\<\/span>Response<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nclass<\/span> <\/span>EnsureTokenIsValid<\/span><\/span>\n{<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>\/**<\/span><\/span>\n     * Handle an incoming request.<\/span><\/span>\n     *<\/span><\/span>\n     * <\/span>@<\/span>param<\/span>  \\Closure(\\Illuminate\\Http\\Request): (\\Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\Response)  $next<\/span><\/span>\n     *\/<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>handle<\/span>(<\/span>Request<\/span> <\/span>$request<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Closure<\/span> <\/span>$next<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Response<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>$request<\/span>-><\/span>input<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>token<\/span>'<\/span>) <\/span>!==<\/span> <\/span>'<\/span>my-secret-token<\/span>'<\/span>) <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>redirect<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>home<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>$next<\/span>(<\/span>$request<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Logic b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong h\u00e0m handle nh\u00e9.
\u0110\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111o\u1ea1n $next($request) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho request \u0111i ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n logic tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c sau khi request \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
X\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi request \u0111i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i xa h\u01a1n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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<?<\/span>php<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nnamespace<\/span> <\/span>App<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Closure<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Request<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Symfony<\/span>\\<\/span>Component<\/span>\\<\/span>HttpFoundation<\/span>\\<\/span>Response<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nclass<\/span> <\/span>BeforeMiddleware<\/span><\/span>\n{<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>handle<\/span>(<\/span>Request<\/span> <\/span>$request<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Closure<\/span> <\/span>$next<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Response<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>\/\/ Perform action<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>$next<\/span>(<\/span>$request<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd sau khi request \u0111\u00e3 qua Middleware v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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<?<\/span>php<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nnamespace<\/span> <\/span>App<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Closure<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Request<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Symfony<\/span>\\<\/span>Component<\/span>\\<\/span>HttpFoundation<\/span>\\<\/span>Response<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nclass<\/span> <\/span>AfterMiddleware<\/span><\/span>\n{<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>handle<\/span>(<\/span>Request<\/span> <\/span>$request<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Closure<\/span> <\/span>$next<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Response<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>$response<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>$next<\/span>(<\/span>$request<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>\/\/ Perform action<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>$response<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. \u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd Middleware v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u00e0o class app\/Http\/Kernel.php r\u1ed3i khai b\u00e1o Middle trong bi\u1ebfn $middleware<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 assign Middleware cho m\u1ed9t route c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng h\u00e0m middleware<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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use<\/span> <\/span>App<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>Authenticate<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nRoute<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/profile<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>()<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>\/\/ ...<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span>)<\/span>-><\/span>middleware<\/span>(<\/span>Authenticate<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t route c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Middleware<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Route<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>()<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>\/\/ ...<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span>)<\/span>-><\/span>middleware<\/span>([<\/span>First<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Second<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>])<\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 cho ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t name alisa cho Middleware.
C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o class app\/Http\/Kernel.php, khai b\u00e1o alias name trong bi\u1ebfn $middlewareAliases nh\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\/\/ Within App\\Http\\Kernel class...<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nprotected<\/span> <\/span>$middlewareAliases<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> [<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>'<\/span>auth<\/span>'<\/span> <\/span>=><\/span> \\<\/span>App<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>Authenticate<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>'<\/span>auth.basic<\/span>'<\/span> <\/span>=><\/span> \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Auth<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>AuthenticateWithBasicAuth<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>'<\/span>bindings<\/span>'<\/span> <\/span>=><\/span> \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Routing<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>SubstituteBindings<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>'<\/span>cache.headers<\/span>'<\/span> <\/span>=><\/span> \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>SetCacheHeaders<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>'<\/span>can<\/span>'<\/span> <\/span>=><\/span> \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Auth<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>Authorize<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>'<\/span>guest<\/span>'<\/span> <\/span>=><\/span> \\<\/span>App<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>RedirectIfAuthenticated<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>'<\/span>signed<\/span>'<\/span> <\/span>=><\/span> \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Routing<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>ValidateSignature<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>'<\/span>throttle<\/span>'<\/span> <\/span>=><\/span> \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Routing<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>ThrottleRequests<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>'<\/span>verified<\/span>'<\/span> <\/span>=><\/span> \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Auth<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>EnsureEmailIsVerified<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n]<\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t alias name xong, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u00e0y<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Route<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/profile<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>()<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>\/\/ ...<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span>)<\/span>-><\/span>middleware<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>auth<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb (Exclude) Middleware ra kh\u1ecfi route, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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use<\/span> <\/span>App<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>EnsureTokenIsValid<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nRoute<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>middleware<\/span>([<\/span>EnsureTokenIsValid<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>])<\/span>-><\/span>group<\/span>(<\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>()<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n    Route<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>()<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>\/\/ ...<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\n    Route<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/profile<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>()<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>\/\/ ...<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>-><\/span>withoutMiddleware<\/span>([<\/span>EnsureTokenIsValid<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>])<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c routes \u0111ang c\u00f3 chung Middleware EnsureTokenIsValid, tuy nhi\u00ean route ‘\/profile’ s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Middleware n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 Exclude Middleware c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng h\u00e0m withoutMiddleware nh\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c routes kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Middleware EnsureTokenIsValid, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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use<\/span> <\/span>App<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>EnsureTokenIsValid<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nRoute<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>withoutMiddleware<\/span>([<\/span>EnsureTokenIsValid<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>])<\/span>-><\/span>group<\/span>(<\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>()<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n    Route<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/profile<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>()<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>\/\/ ...<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Middleware group<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c Middleware th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t group. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trong class app\/Http\/Kernel.php, h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn bi\u1ebfn $middlewareGroups<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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protected<\/span> <\/span>$middlewareGroups<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> [<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>'<\/span>web<\/span>'<\/span> <\/span>=><\/span> [<\/span><\/span>\n            \\<\/span>App<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>EncryptCookies<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n            \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Cookie<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>AddQueuedCookiesToResponse<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n            \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Session<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>StartSession<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n            \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>View<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>ShareErrorsFromSession<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n            \\<\/span>App<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>VerifyCsrfToken<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n            \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Routing<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>SubstituteBindings<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n        ]<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n        <\/span>'<\/span>api<\/span>'<\/span> <\/span>=><\/span> [<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/span>\/\/ \\Laravel\\Sanctum\\Http\\Middleware\\EnsureFrontendRequestsAreStateful::class,<\/span><\/span>\n            \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Routing<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>ThrottleRequests<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>.<\/span>'<\/span>:api<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n            \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Routing<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>SubstituteBindings<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n        ]<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    ]<\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh route s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng group Middleware n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi h\u00e0m Route::middleware<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Route<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>middleware<\/span>([<\/span>'<\/span>web<\/span>'<\/span>])<\/span>-><\/span>group<\/span>(<\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>()<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>\/\/ ...<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng h\u00e0m middleware <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Route<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>()<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>\/\/ ...<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span>)<\/span>-><\/span>middleware<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>web<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng group Middleware “web” v\u00e0 “api” m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c applied v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. 
H\u00e3y xem class app\/Providers\/RouteServiceProvider.php<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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public<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>boot<\/span>()<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span><\/span>\n{<\/span><\/span>\n    RateLimiter<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>for<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>api<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>(<\/span>Request<\/span> <\/span>$request<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>Limit<\/span>::<\/span>perMinute<\/span>(<\/span>60<\/span>)<\/span>-><\/span>by<\/span>(<\/span>$request<\/span>-><\/span>user<\/span>()<\/span>?-><\/span>id<\/span> <\/span>?:<\/span> <\/span>$request<\/span>-><\/span>ip<\/span>());<\/span><\/span>\n    });<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n    <\/span>$this<\/span>-><\/span>routes<\/span>(<\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>()<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n        Route<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>middleware<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>api<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/span>-><\/span>prefix<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>api<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/span>-><\/span>group<\/span>(<\/span>base_path<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>routes\/api.php<\/span>'<\/span>))<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n        Route<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>middleware<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>web<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/span>-><\/span>group<\/span>(<\/span>base_path<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>routes\/web.php<\/span>'<\/span>))<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>}<\/span>);<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau, Middleware group ‘web’ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 routes n\u1eb1m trong class routes\/web.php
T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Middleware group ‘api’ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 routes n\u1eb1m trong class routes\/api.php<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Middleware<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh Middleware n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n khai b\u00e1o v\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn $middlewarePriority c\u1ee7a class app\/Http\/Kernel.php, v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\/**<\/span><\/span>\n * The priority-sorted list of middleware.<\/span><\/span>\n *<\/span><\/span>\n * This forces non-global middleware to always be in the given order.<\/span><\/span>\n *<\/span><\/span>\n * <\/span>@<\/span>var<\/span> <\/span>string[]<\/span><\/span>\n *\/<\/span><\/span>\nprotected<\/span> <\/span>$middlewarePriority<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> [<\/span><\/span>\n    \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Foundation<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>HandlePrecognitiveRequests<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Cookie<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>EncryptCookies<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Session<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>StartSession<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>View<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>ShareErrorsFromSession<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Contracts<\/span>\\<\/span>Auth<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>AuthenticatesRequests<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Routing<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>ThrottleRequests<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Routing<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>ThrottleRequestsWithRedis<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Contracts<\/span>\\<\/span>Session<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>AuthenticatesSessions<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Routing<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>SubstituteBindings<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n    \\<\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Auth<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>Authorize<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span><\/span>\n]<\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. X\u1eed l\u00fd parameters trong Middleware<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t Middleware c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn parameters truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o, v\u00ed d\u1ee5
Route posts, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Middleware ‘role’, parameter truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 ‘publisher’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Route<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/post\/{id}<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>(<\/span>string<\/span> <\/span>$id<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>\/\/ ...<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span>)<\/span>-><\/span>middleware<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>role:publisher<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea5y ra parameter v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n logic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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<?<\/span>php<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nnamespace<\/span> <\/span>App<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Closure<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Request<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Symfony<\/span>\\<\/span>Component<\/span>\\<\/span>HttpFoundation<\/span>\\<\/span>Response<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nclass<\/span> <\/span>EnsureUserHasRole<\/span><\/span>\n{<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>\/**<\/span><\/span>\n     * Handle an incoming request.<\/span><\/span>\n     *<\/span><\/span>\n     * <\/span>@<\/span>param<\/span>  \\Closure(\\Illuminate\\Http\\Request): (\\Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\Response)  $next<\/span><\/span>\n     *\/<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>handle<\/span>(<\/span>Request<\/span> <\/span>$request<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Closure<\/span> <\/span>$next<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>string<\/span> <\/span>$role<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Response<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span> <\/span>$request<\/span>-><\/span>user<\/span>()<\/span>-><\/span>hasRole<\/span>(<\/span>$role<\/span>)) <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n            <\/span>\/\/ Redirect...<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>$next<\/span>(<\/span>$request<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u parameters th\u00ec h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch nhau b\u01a1i d\u1ea5u ‘,’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Route<\/span>:<\/span>:<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/post\/{id}<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>(<\/span>string<\/span> <\/span>$id<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>\/\/ ...<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span>)<\/span>-><\/span>middleware<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>role:editor,publisher<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6. Terminable Middleware<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau khi m\u1ed9t lifecycle k\u1ebft th\u00fac, HTTP response \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho browser, th\u00ec h\u00e0m terminate c\u1ee7a Middleware s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, sau khi HTTP response \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 logic n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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<?<\/span>php<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nnamespace<\/span> <\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Session<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Closure<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Illuminate<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Request<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\nuse<\/span> <\/span>Symfony<\/span>\\<\/span>Component<\/span>\\<\/span>HttpFoundation<\/span>\\<\/span>Response<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\nclass<\/span> <\/span>TerminatingMiddleware<\/span><\/span>\n{<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>\/**<\/span><\/span>\n     * Handle an incoming request.<\/span><\/span>\n     *<\/span><\/span>\n     * <\/span>@<\/span>param<\/span>  \\Closure(\\Illuminate\\Http\\Request): (\\Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\Response)  $next<\/span><\/span>\n     *\/<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>handle<\/span>(<\/span>Request<\/span> <\/span>$request<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Closure<\/span> <\/span>$next<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> Response<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>$next<\/span>(<\/span>$request<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>\/**<\/span><\/span>\n     * Handle tasks after the response has been sent to the browser.<\/span><\/span>\n     *\/<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>terminate<\/span>(<\/span>Request<\/span> <\/span>$request<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Response<\/span> <\/span>$response<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>{<\/span><\/span>\n        <\/span>\/\/ ...<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd: khi HTTP response \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1, v\u00e0 h\u00e0m terminate \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi, Laravel s\u1ebd kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t instance m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Middleware. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng same instance th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n n\u00ean register v\u1edbi Container d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng singleton nh\u00e9 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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use<\/span> <\/span>App<\/span>\\<\/span>Http<\/span>\\<\/span>Middleware<\/span>\\<\/span>TerminatingMiddleware<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n <\/span><\/span>\n\/**<\/span><\/span>\n * Register any application services.<\/span><\/span>\n *\/<\/span><\/span>\npublic<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>register<\/span>()<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span><\/span>\n{<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>$this<\/span>-><\/span>app<\/span>-><\/span>singleton<\/span>(<\/span>TerminatingMiddleware<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u1edf b\u00e0i sau: CSRF protection<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Middleware l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00fap “inspect”, “filtering” c\u00e1c request \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. N\u00f3i n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t request v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, Middleware s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n logic d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c request \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-laravel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.hnk90.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.hnk90.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.hnk90.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.hnk90.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.hnk90.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=186"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.hnk90.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":190,"href":"https:\/\/blog.hnk90.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186\/revisions\/190"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.hnk90.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.hnk90.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.hnk90.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}